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n. MLLER. vKiln or, Oven for Burning Brick. 'l 12,1881. No. 240,164. Patented Aprl 5, l 1 was [Lv a 'y ATTORNEY NJETERS, FMDTWLITIIOGRAFMER. WASHINGTON. D. C

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

n. MLLER. Kiln or Oven for Burning Brick.

No. 240,164. Patented April 12, 1 881.

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WITNESSES I NVENTOR @v-Z5 L N.PE|F.RS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPNER, wASmNGToN. D. C

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Kiln or Oven for Burning Brick. N0. 240,164. Patented April 12,1881.

l I faQ/f IlllllllllllllllllllllllllIW ATTORNEY N. PETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPNER. WASHINGTON. D, CV

UNITED STATES PATENT EEICE.

RUDOLF MLLER, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

KILN OR OVEN FOR BURNING BRICK.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent No. 240,164, dated April 12, 1881. Application filed February ,9, 1890. Patented in Germany November 29, 1877, and May 30, 1878.

4 To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDOLF MLLER, of the city of Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have invented Improvements in Kilns or Ovens for Burning Bricks, Lime, and other Substances, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to such improvements in brick and lime kilns that a more uniform burning of the bricks and lime and a more uniform utilization of the fuel is obtained.

The invention consists in providing a kiln Withair-passages arranged in such a manner that by the coking of the fuel and mingling of the gases generated thereby with air entering above the lire-places a more perfect combustion and utilization of the fuel and a superior burning` of the bricks or lime is obtained.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a vertical transverse section. Figs. 2 and 3 are horizontal sections, respectively on lines .r and y y, Fig. 1, of myimproved brick-kiln. Figs. 4 and 5 are, respectively, a detail vertical transverse section and an end elevation of one of the fire-places. Figs. 6 and 7 are vertical transverse sections of a kiln, showing different arrangements of the air passages. Fig. S is a horizontal section of the kiln with its partitions and connecting-passages. Fig. 9 is a vertical transverse section of a fire-place with supplementary air-passages, on au enlarged scale; and Figs. l() and ll are vertical central sections of improved limekilns with supplementary air-passages.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

A in the drawings represents the interior of a brick-kiln, B the space above the same, and C the covered spaces at both sides of the kiln. The upper space, B, as well as the side spaces, C, may be closed entirely, so that no inliuence can be exerted upon the fire from exterior aircurrents. l

The kiln proper is divided by longitudinal and transverse partition-walls a a into different chambers, of which each has a separate lire-place, b. The grates l of the furnace are formed of bricks set at small intervals from each other, or of iron bars, as desired. The' tire-place b is divided by a horizontal partition-wall, g, int-o a lower draft-passage, h, and

the kiln is left a small space of about one and t a half to two centimeters. .Each top D is provided with holes 0, -which keep up the draft in each chamber ofthe kiln, and through which the vapors are conducted to the outside. They serve, also, for observin g the interior, to deterl mine the proper time when the increased burning heat is to be let on.

Each chamber is separately charged with air-dried bricks, the lower tiers ofbricks being preferably set with greater intervals be tween the bricks than the upper tiers, to keep up a stronger draft. During the first heating up of the bricks, which serves to drive off the moisture and dry the bricks more completely, the top holes, o, are left open. As the escape of vapors gradually ceases, one. hole after the other is closed with a brick. When all the holes are closed the regular fire for the proper burning of the bricks is started. The exterior protecting-sheds are then tightly closed, so

that no draft from the outside can affect the lires. The small air-holes h are either left open or are partly closed, according to the flame in the heating-passages. In a kiln in which the exterior sheds are closed, so as to furnish only the air required for combustion, the fuel is coked and gaseous vapors are developed, which are then burned, so as to produce a considerable saving in fuel. Whenever the fire issues through one or more ofthe channels formed by the bricksitis instantlystopped by opening one or more of the top holes, o, above the point where the lire issues.

By arranging above the furnace-mouth a separate air-passage, e, in the Wall of the kiln, above the fireplace-Which passage may be of any lsuitable shape-an increased generation and a more effective combustion of the gases can be obtained by closing the draft-passage IOO partly and the ash-pit entirely, while keeping the upper air-passage, e, open. A partial combustion of the fuel takes place and a considerable generation of gas. As only a small quantity of air can enter through the draftpassage 7L, the fre-gases pass up in the channels formed between thel bricks, mingle with the atmospheric air entering through the airpassage e, and are then burned up. The airopenings e and It are opened or closed, according to the consumption of the fuel on the grate d. For starting the tire the passage eis closed and the air-passage h, as well as the ash-pit, opened, until the fuel is in a proper condition for generating the gases. The passage h and the ash-pit are then closed, as described, so

that the regular generation and combustion of the gases is kept up. This combustion may also be used with advantage and with but slight modifications in connection with the furnaces of steam-boilers, and for other heating purposes.

The division of the kiln into two, four, or more chambers of even numbers forms an essential point of my invention, as thereby the ch ambers may be separately charged and fired,

and also the heat of the already-burned bricks utilized. For this purpose the partition-walls a a are provided with connecting-openings and sliding registers, so that any two adjoining chambers may be placed in communication. 1f the bricks in one chamber have been burned and the adjoining chamber has just been charged, the sliding register connecting the chambers is opened and a blower applied to one of the fire-places of the first chamber, with its nozzle extending into the tire. The firedoors are opened and the blower worked. Air of lower temperature is thereby forced into the first chamber, and the hot air in the same forced into the chamber filled with the unburned bricks. The top holes are closed during this operation. The effect is that the bricks in one chamber are cooled and in the other heated. This system can, of course, only be used for kilns oflarger size, in which case alone a considerable saving in fuel is the result, especially when the generation of gases is employed.

The air-passages e may also be carried up higher, as shown in Fig. 7, so as to open into the chamber at some distance above the fireplace, which increases the generation of the fire-gases. The disposition of the air-passages at a greater distance from the fire enables the ames to reach up higher into the bricks and burn them, eonsequently,in less than the usual time. The partition-walls are also provided with air-passages e, which extend upward to the same height as the passages in the outer walls.

The same principle of heating by gases generated by the partial combustion or coking of the fuel is also applied to thelimekiln shown in Fig. l0, in which the air-passages are arranged in the outer circular Wall and in the inner cone of the kiln, so that the direct heating by gas without a generator is obtained. The nn burned lime is placed on the benches, which are provided with passages for the heat. The coking of the fuel is accomplished in the same manner in the fire-places, of which eight, more or less, are arranged to radiate from the solid center cone.. The gases generated in the fireplaces pass through the channels in the benches and mingle, above and below the same, with the air supplied by the outer and-inner air-passages, e. This kiln is also providedwith a top, D, having draft-passages, said; top set; tling with the material to be burned, so that no dead space is formed.

The advantages of the air-passages consist in the partial change ot' the fuel into gas and in the more complete combustion of thesame, and also in the higher reach ot' the flame into the material to be burned.

[n Fig. ll ar continuously-burnng limekiln with direct gas-generation is shown, in which the cylindrical wall, as well as the central cone,

are arranged with air -passages e, which ex.- tend inwardly and upwardly. The gas and air mixture burns in the same manner asbefore described, and effects a moreperfect. combustion and utilization of the fuel, while exerelsing a very beneticial result on the quality of the lime burned.

Having thus described my invention, I claim .as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. The combination, with a brickor lime TOO kiln, of one or more supplementary air-passages extending through the walls of the-kiln., Y

and whose inlets are above the fireplaces, andone or more air-passages whose inlets are below the fire-places, and which extend to the interior walls ot' the kiln and branchA upwardly therein, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. ln a brick or lime kiln, the combination. of

the horizontal partition g and inlet-pipel e,vas and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presenceof two sub-y scribing witnesses.

RUDOLF Witnesses:

EDWARD P. MACLEAN, CARL FEHLERT.

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